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Interferons play a crucial role in the immune response, particularly in the body's defense against viral infections. Their primary function includes the ability to block viral replication within host cells. When a cell is infected by a virus, it releases interferons that signal neighboring cells to enhance their antiviral defenses, making them less susceptible to further viral infection. This is one of the most significant aspects of how interferons contribute to the immune response.

In addition to blocking viral replication, interferons also help in stimulating B cells to produce antibodies. This is important for generating a specific immune response, as antibodies can neutralize pathogens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells. The stimulation of B cells and enhancement of antibody production are key aspects of adaptive immunity, complementing the initial antiviral action of interferons.

While enhancing T cell differentiation, stimulating neutrophil activity, and increasing lymphocyte maturation are important parts of the immune response, the primary and most recognized functions of interferons are particularly highlighted in blocking viral replication and promoting antibody production by B cells. This dual role underlines the importance of interferons in both the innate and adaptive immune systems.